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Hippocampus

Brain Development Did You Know?

New Year, New Neurons: The History of Neurogenesis

January 6, 2023January 5, 2023 Mary Cooper Adult neurogenesis, cell division, Hippocampus, Neural Stem Cells, Neurogenesis, Stem Cells

By Mary Cooper “New year, new me,” is a thought we may have had around the start of a new year. Maybe we want to be stronger, healthier, or smarter… Read more

Infographics Mental Health Multilingual Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders Spanish

Aprendiendo Sobre el Trastorno por Estrés Postraumático (TEPT)

December 11, 2022 Sarah Barron Amygdala, Anxiety, depression, Fight or flight, Hippocampus, Insomnia, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Trauma

Infografía original: Knowing Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Sarah Barron… Read more

Everything You Need To Know About Lucid Dreaming In 6 Minutes Or Less

October 19, 2022October 26, 2022 Javeria Shahid Awareness, Data analysis, External stimuli, Gray matter, Habituation, High cognitive function, Hippocampus, Lucid dreaming, Metacognition, Motor area, REM sleep, Right anterior cingulate cortex

By Javeria Shahid What is lucid dreaming? Have you ever found yourself in control of a dream? Lucid dreaming is a state in which a person is aware that they… Read more

Learning and Memory Mental Health Neuro News

The Female Brain on Hormonal Birth Control

July 19, 2022July 22, 2022 Talia Oughourlian Amygdala, Basal ganglia, birth control, brain structure, contraceptives, fMRI, Gray matter, Hippocampus, Insula, Learning and Memory, MRI, Plasticity, putamen

By: Talia Oughourlian Hormonal contraceptives were introduced more than 60 years ago (OBOS Contributors, 2021) with some commending the contraceptive pill as one of the greatest scientific inventions of the… Read more

Infographics Mental Health Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders

Knowing Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

June 29, 2022August 3, 2022 Sarah Barron Amygdala, Anxiety, depression, Fight or flight, Hippocampus, Insomnia, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Trauma

Neuro Primer: Aging Feature Image

Multilingual Spanish

Neuro Cartilla: El Envejecimiento

June 26, 2021August 6, 2021 Gabrielle Torre AD, Age-related cognitive decline, Aging, ALS, Alzheimer's, Alzheimer’s disease, Amyloid, amyloid plaques, Baby Boomers, beta-amyloid, Brain activation, Brain cells, Cardiovascular health, Childhood, Cognition, Cognitive performance, Cortex, dementia, Disease, Executive function, Exercise, Genetics, glutamate, Hippocampus, Longevity, Memory, Memory decline, myelin, Nervous System, Neurogenesis, Neuroimaging, Neurons, Neuroplasticity, Neuroscience, Neurotransmitters, Normal aging, Parkinson's, Parkinson's Disease, Plasticity, Quality of life, Research, Science, Sleep, Sleep habits, Ventricles, Working memory

Artículo original: Neuro Primer: Aging, Gabrielle Torre Traducido por Daniela Semerjian ~~~ ¿Qué le sucede al cerebro en el envejecimiento? El envejecimiento normal viene con muchos cambios en la estructura… Read more

Neuro Primer: Addiction Basics

Multilingual Spanish

Neuro Cartilla: Los principios básicos de la adicción

May 28, 2021August 6, 2021 Elizabeth Burnette Addiction, Alcohol, Behavioral Neuroscience, Hippocampus, Nucleus accumbens, Tolerance, Withdrawal

Artículo original: Neuro Primer: Addiction Basics , Elizabeth Burnette Traducido por Jayleska Johnson ~~~ La mayoría de nosotros estamos familiarizados con sustancias adictivas desde el alcohol hasta los opioides o a… Read more

Neuro Primer: Addiction Basics

Did You Know? Mental Health Neuro Primer Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders

Neuro Primer: Addiction Basics

March 22, 2021May 31, 2021 Elizabeth Burnette Addiction, Alcohol, Behavioral Neuroscience, Hippocampus, Nucleus accumbens, Tolerance, Withdrawal

Spanish Translation also available here: Neuro Cartilla: Los principios básicos de la adicción ~~~ From alcohol to opioids to cocaine, most of us are familiar with addictive substances. But how does… Read more

Spatial Navigation - Mouse

Aging Learning and Memory

Spatial Navigation and Memory: How Our Brains Imagine Alternate Realities

July 6, 2020July 6, 2020 Lindsay Gray Hippocampus, Memory, Memory Loss, Neurodegeneration, Spatial Navigation

You’re on the road to work, when your mind drifts ahead to the lecture you’re scheduled to give in the afternoon. You rehearse your talk to yourself as you pull… Read more

Illustration by Michal Roessler, next to book cover image of "Remembering" by Donald G. MacKay

Brain Books Learning and Memory

Book Review: Remembering

April 10, 2019April 9, 2019 Sean Noah Amnesia, Book Review, Brain Books, Donald G MacKay, Epilepsy, Frederic Bartlett, Henry Molaison, Hippocampus, Medial temporal lobe, Memory, Patient HM, Psychology, synaptic

In the early 20th century, Cambridge psychologist Frederic Bartlett radically reformulated the concept of memory. Until then the classical view, the earliest form of which could be traced back to… Read more

Neuro Primer: Aging Feature Image

Aging Brain Basics Neuro Primer Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders

Neuro Primer: Aging

October 10, 2018October 8, 2018 Gabrielle Torre AD, Age-related cognitive decline, Aging, ALS, Alzheimer's, Alzheimer’s disease, Amyloid, amyloid plaques, Baby Boomers, beta-amyloid, Brain activation, Brain cells, Cardiovascular health, Childhood, Cognition, Cognitive performance, Cortex, dementia, Disease, Executive function, Exercise, Genetics, glutamate, Hippocampus, Longevity, Memory, Memory decline, myelin, Nervous System, Neurogenesis, Neuroimaging, Neurons, Neuroplasticity, Neuroscience, Neurotransmitters, Normal aging, Parkinson's, Parkinson's Disease, Plasticity, Quality of life, Research, Science, Sleep, Sleep habits, Ventricles, Working memory

What happens to the brain in aging? Normal aging comes with many changes in brain structure and function. As individuals approach the age of 65 years and above, they experience… Read more

Big Ideas Culture Learning and Memory Videos

Video: Can Neuroscience Explain the Mandela Effect?

October 3, 2018October 3, 2018 knowingneurons bernstain bears, Confabulation, false memory, Fiona Broome, Hippocampus, Mandela, mandela effect, Memory consolidation, memory retrieval, Quantum mechanics, Schrödinger's cat

Last year, our post “Can Neuroscience Explain the Mandela Effect?” by Caitlin Aamodt soaked up attention like a sponge and was resyndicated widely across the web, landing on pages such as… Read more

Brain Development Learning and Memory

A Tale of Plasticities

August 15, 2018September 7, 2018 Cameron McKay Adult neurogenesis, Axon, Axons, Basic science, Brain, Cells, Connections, Cortex, Dendrite, Dendrites, Dendritic spine, Development, environment, Experience-dependent plasticity, Gray matter, Hippocampus, Human memory, Humans, Juggling, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Marian Diamond, Memories, Memory, MRI, MRI research, Neurodevelopment, Neurogenesis, Neurons, Neuroplasticity, Plasticity, Rats, Research, Science, Synapse, Synaptic pruning, Synaptogenesis, Taxi drivers, TBI, Traumatic brain injury, White matter

You may have heard it repeated in the media and pop culture that humans’ brains don’t change at all after birth. However, the past several decades of neuroscience research have… Read more

Brain Books Consciousness Learning and Memory Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders

Book Review: The Perpetual Now

January 17, 2018January 17, 2018 Gabrielle Torre Brain book, Consciousness, Henry Molaison, Hippocampus, Lonnie Sue Johnson, medial temporal lobes, Memory, Michael D. Lemonick, Patient H.M., Short-term Memory, The Perpetual Now, Viral encephalitis

en years ago, in December 2007, an artist named Lonnie Sue Johnson lost her short term memory. She was admitted to the emergency room in the midst of a blizzard… Read more

Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders Uncategorized

High Fat Diet May Prevent Sudden Death in Epilepsy

October 11, 2017October 10, 2017 Tamsin Irwin ALS, Alzheimer's, Brain health, Cell Metabolism, Diet, Epilepsy, genes, Health, high-fat diet, Hippocampus, Ketogenic, Ketogenic diet, mitochondria, Motor neuron disease, Parkinson's, Seizure drugs, Seizures, SUDEP

he human brain consists of highly complex circuitry which is wired to elicit a synchronous pattern of electrical signals. This allows for communication between differing regions of the brain. When… Read more

Did You Know? Learning and Memory Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders Philosophy

Can Neuroscience Explain the Mandela Effect?

February 1, 2017April 18, 2019 Caitlin Aamodt Alternative, Bear, Berenstain, Berenstein, Caitlin Aamodt, Cat, Confabulation, Effect, Engram, Fact, Facts, False, fMRI, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Hippocampus, Kayleen Schreiber, Kazaam, Mandela, Memory, Parallel, Prefrontal Cortex, Reality, Reconsolidation, Schema, Schrodinger, Sinbad, Universe

Would you trust a memory if it felt as real as all your others? And other people confirmed they remember it, too? What if the memory turned out to be… Read more

How to Give Thanks Like a Neuroscientist

November 23, 2016June 30, 2017 Anita Amygdala, Brain, Brain stem, Cortex, Cranial nerves, Emoji, Flight or fight, Food, Fusiform, Gratitude, gravy boat, Hippocampus, melatonin, Nerve, Neuroscience, Neuroscientist, olfactory, PLoS, PLOS Blogs, PLOS Neuro, Prefrontal, Pumpkin pie, Receptor, Sleep, suprachiasmatic nucleus, Thanks, Thanksgiving, Ventral, Ventral Tegmental Area, VTA

You’re on your way to the traditional Thanksgiving family get-together. You drive down a familiar street, locate your familiar house, and park in a familiar spot.… Read more

52 Brain Facts Learning and Memory

Myth or Fact? Forgetting is a ‘technical snag’ in the brain.

May 23, 2016June 30, 2017 knowingneurons Closet, Cortex, Forget, Hippocampus, Learning, Memory, Remember, Space

Teleportation! Hippocampal Oscillations during Navigation

May 11, 2016March 5, 2017 Jillian L. Shaw EEG, Hippocampus, Memory, Navigation, Neural Oscillations, Oscillation, Teleportation, Theta, Video game, Virtual

Who hasn’t wanted to snap their fingers and dive into the pages of the gorgeous places featured in National Geographic? Caught in a miserable physics exam that you haven’t studied… Read more

Myth or Fact? A little stress is good for the brain.

May 9, 2016June 4, 2016 knowingneurons 52 Brain Facts, Benefit, Brain, Dread, glucocorticoid, Hippocampus, Hormone, Hypothalamus, LTP, Memory, Neuroscience, Plasticity, Risk, Roller coaster, stress, Synapse, Time

Did You Know? Learning and Memory Neuro News

Is too much sugar a form of brain abuse?

May 4, 2016March 5, 2017 knowingneurons Adrenal, Amygdala, Brain, cortisol, depression, Disorder, Early Life Adversity, ELA, Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, gene, Gland, glucocorticoid, glucose, Hippocampus, Iacoboni, Limbic, Maniam, Memory, Neurod1, Neurogenesis, Neuroplasticity, Plasticity, Psychotic, PTSD, Rats, Receptor, Spatial Navigation, stress, Sugar

We all know too much sugar is bad for us. But did you know that having unfettered access to sugar might produce brain changes similar to highly stressful situations, such… Read more

Did You Know? Popular Articles Sensation and Perception

Digging Out the “Earworms:” Involuntary Musical Imagery Correlates with Cortical Structure

February 11, 2016March 5, 2017 knowingneurons ACC, Anterior cingulate cortex, Auditory cortex, Cingulate, Consciousness and Cognition, Cortical thickness, Default mode network, DMN, Farrugia, frontal cortex, Fronto-temporal network, GM, Gray matter, Heschl's gyrus, HG, Hippocampus, Imagery, Imagine, IMIS, INMI, Involuntary, involuntary musical imagery, Involuntary Musical Imagery Scale, Kelly Jakubowski, Lauren Stewart, Music, OFC, Orbitofrontal cortex, Parahippocampal cortex, Posterior Cingulate Cortex, Prefrontal Cortex, Rhodri Cusack, Teodora Stoica, Tunes stuck in your brain, Voxel-based morphometry

You don’t know you know this song, but you definitely know this song: “Hey Mickey you’re so fine, you’re so fine you…” Did the end of the lyric materialize in… Read more

Brain Basics Did You Know? Popular Articles Sensation and Perception Videos

This is Your Brain on Music

February 10, 2016March 5, 2017 Kate Fehlhaber Amygdala, Anatomy, Auditory cortex, Brain, Cerebellum, Distracting, Dopamine, Emotion, Genius, Health, Hippocampus, Learning, Mozart, Music, Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience, Neurotranmistt, Nucleus accumbens, Prefrontal Cortex

Forever Young: The Story of Patient H.M.

Did You Know? Learning and Memory

Forever Young: The Story of Patient H.M.

October 14, 2015March 5, 2017 Kate Fehlhaber Amygdala, Entorhinal cortex, Episodic memory, H.M., Hippocampus, HM, Learning, Medial temporal lobe, Memory, Motor learning, Patient H.M., Procedural memory

“Do you know what you did yesterday?” asks the doctor. “No, I don’t,” responds the patient.… Read more

Choose Your Own (Prion) Adventure: Memory or Madness

September 16, 2015March 5, 2017 Jillian L. Shaw CPEB, Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease, cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Eric Kandel, Fioriti, Hippocampus, Long-term memory, mad cow disease, Neuron, Prions

In the early ‘80’s ranchers in Great Britain began to notice strange behaviors in their cows. What began with increased aggression and an inability to walk turned into a strange… Read more

Dendritic Spines Knowing Neurons

Aging Learning and Memory Neuro News

Keeping Memories Fresh by Keeping Glutamate In Check

January 21, 2015March 5, 2017 Kate Fehlhaber 2014, Aging, Alzheimer’s disease, Dendrite, glutamate, Glutamatergic, Hippocampus, Long-term potentiation, LTP, Memory, Morrison, Neuroplasticity, Pereira, PNAS, Prefrontal Cortex, Riluzole, Spine

We are another year older, perhaps a little wiser, and probably more forgetful. Indeed, making memories is quite a process in the brain: specific synaptic connections are strengthened and new… Read more

Navigating A 3D World Knowing Neurons

Did You Know? Movement Sensation and Perception

Navigating a 3D World

May 29, 2014March 5, 2017 Ryan Jones 2013, 3D, Bat, Hippocampus, Map, Place Cell, Representation of three-dimensional space in the hippocampus of flying bats, Science, Three-dimensional, Two-dimensional, Ulanovsky, Weizmann Institute of Science, Yartsev

The brain has an amazing ability to form internal maps of the world around it. Knowing Neurons has previously written several articles about place cells in the hippocampus and how… Read more

Bet on your Brain - Knowing Neurons

Brain Basics Did You Know?

Bet on your Brain: The Psychology of Winning

April 9, 2014March 5, 2017 knowingneurons Adapt, Amygdala, Anatomy, Anterior cingulate, Brain, Dopamine, Emotions, Exercise, Focus, Hippocampus, Insula, Medial temporal lobe, Memory, Neuroanatomy, Nucleus accumbens, Orbitofrontal cortex, Prefrontal Cortex, Psychology, Resilience, Rewire, Striatum, Ventral Tegmental Area, Winning

Resolving New Memories: Adult Neurogenesis by Knowing Neurons

Brain Basics Did You Know? Learning and Memory

Resolving New Memories: Adult Neurogenesis

February 5, 2014March 5, 2017 Ryan Jones 1998, 2012, Adult neurogenesis, behavioral pattern separation, Cell, contextual fear conditioning, Dentate gyrus, Eriksson, Fred Gage, Hippocampus, Learning, Memory, Memory pattern separation, Nakashiba, Nature, Nature Medicine, Neural progenitor cell, Pattern separation, Susumo Tonegawa, van Praag

When I was young, my family lived in an old farmhouse. It was cozy and had a lot of character but, at over 150 years old, it showed its age.… Read more

infantile amnesia knowing neurons

Learning and Memory Neuro News

Don’t Remember Your Baby Days? Blame New Neurons!

February 3, 2014March 5, 2017 knowingneurons Adult neurogenesis, Byron Campbell, Circuit, Dentate gyrus, Hippocampus, Infantile amnesia, Learning, Memory, Morris Water Maze, Network, Sigmond Freud, University of Toronto

Think back to when you were two years old. Think HARD. Anything? If you’re like most people, you’re probably drawing a blank. Across cultures, adults can’t seem to recall any… Read more

Sweet Dreams or Amyloid Nightmares by Knowing Neurons

Aging Did You Know? Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders Sleep

Sweet Dreams or Amyloid Nightmares

November 7, 2013March 5, 2017 Jillian L. Shaw Alzheimer’s disease, Amyloid beta, amyloid-β plaques, Biomarker, circadian clock, circadian rhythm, David Holtzman, dementia, Disruption of the sleep-wake cycle and diurnal fluctuation of beta-amyloid in mice with Alzheimer's disease pathology, Hippocampus, Jee Hoon Roh, Memory, Microdialysis, Science Translational Medicine, Sleep

Sleep deprivation has become a badge of honor in our modern society. Competitions break out in coffee shop lines over who is functioning on the least number of Zzzzzs and… Read more

Neurobiology of Depression Knowing Neurons

Did You Know? Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders

Depression and Inspiration

October 10, 2013March 5, 2017 Kate Fehlhaber Amygdala, Cg25, Deep Brain Stimulation, depression, Dopamine, Ghrelin, Hippocampus, HYP, Hypothalamus, Kevin Breel, Leptin, Major depressive disorder, MDD, NAc, Neurogenesis, Nucleus accumbens, stress, Subgenual cingulate cortex, Ventral Tegmental Area, VTA

Did You Know? Neuroscience Technologies

New Microscope Helps Neuroscientists Ask New Questions

April 12, 2013March 5, 2017 Kate Fehlhaber Biotechnology, Brain, Company, Hippocampus, Inscopix, Microscope, Microscopy, Mouse, Optogenetics, Startup, Technique

Last week, President Obama announced the Brain Research Through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) Initiative, a 10-year project to map the human brain. President Obama introduced BRAIN as a way of encouraging… Read more

Did You Know? Learning and Memory Movement Sensation and Perception

Forming Memories, One Neuron at a Time

April 10, 2013March 5, 2017 Ryan Jones Amnesia, Dostrovsky, Epilepsy, Hippocampus, Memory, Mouse, Neurons, O'Keefe, Place Cell, Place Field, Schnitzer, Space, Stanford, University College London

On Monday, Knowing Neurons highlighted a recent research article that described a new miniature microscope that was small enough to sit on a mouse’s head and light enough to allow… Read more

Learning and Memory Movement Neuro News Neuroscience Technologies

You Are Here: Mapping The World With Neurons

April 8, 2013March 5, 2017 Ryan Jones 2013, fluoresce, Here, Hippocampus, Location, Map, Mapping, Maze, Nature Neuroscience, Neuron, Optogenetics, Place, Place Cell, Schnitzer, Stanford, World

“You are here.” It’s the phrase that you’ll find on almost any map, punctuated with the ubiquitous oversized arrow. It is the salient mark in a sea of confusing lines,… Read more

Brain Basics Did You Know? Learning and Memory Popular Articles Sensation and Perception

The amygdala: a full brain integrator in the face of fear

February 27, 2013March 5, 2017 Kate Fehlhaber Adrenalin, Amygdala, Cortex, Fear, Hippocampus, Long Route, Medial Prefrontal Cortex, Sensory, Short Route, Sympathetic Nervous System, Thalamus

You are sitting at your computer quietly reading this article when – BOOM! – there is a sharp loud noise behind you! You instinctively stop what you are doing, jump… Read more

Aging Brain Development Learning and Memory Neuro News

Brain Changes for Sculpted, Efficient Memory

January 28, 2013March 5, 2017 JuanVelasquez 2013, Hippocampus, Increased NR2A:NR2B ratio compresses long-term depression range and constrains long-term memory, Learning, LTD, LTP, Memory, NMDA, NR2A, NR2B

While I was growing up, I remember my parents and teachers saying, “Your brain is like a sponge.” Of course, I didn’t understand what they meant, but as cliché as… Read more

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